locals() 返回局部变量的字典

内置函数 locals()，Python 官方文档描述如下：

help(locals)

Help on built-in function locals in module builtins:

locals()
    Return a dictionary containing the current scope's local variables.
    
    NOTE: Whether or not updates to this dictionary will affect name lookups in
    the local scope and vice-versa is *implementation dependent* and not
    covered by any backwards compatibility guarantees.

返回包含当前作用域的局部变量的字典。在模块层级上，locals() 和 globals() 是同一个字典。

globals() 和 locals() 函数各自返回当前的全局和本地字典，因此可以将它们传递给 eval() 或 exec() 来使用。

locals()

{'__name__': '__main__',
 '__doc__': 'Automatically created module for IPython interactive environment',
 '__package__': None,
 '__loader__': None,
 '__spec__': None,
 '__builtin__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>,
 '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>,
 '_ih': ['', 'help(locals)', 'locals()'],
 '_oh': {},
 '_dh': ['D:\\Jupyter\\xuecn_books\\books\\xue_python_kp\\11_built-in_function'],
 'In': ['', 'help(locals)', 'locals()'],
 'Out': {},
 'get_ipython': <bound method InteractiveShell.get_ipython of <ipykernel.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell object at 0x0000023E24AE89B0>>,
 'exit': <IPython.core.autocall.ZMQExitAutocall at 0x23e27368898>,
 'quit': <IPython.core.autocall.ZMQExitAutocall at 0x23e27368898>,
 '_': '',
 '__': '',
 '___': '',
 '_i': 'help(locals)',
 '_ii': '',
 '_iii': '',
 '_i1': 'help(locals)',
 '_i2': 'locals()'}

def f():
    a = 1
    print(locals())
f()

{'a': 1}